Caspases control antiviral innate immunity

Inflammatory caspases in innate immunity and inflammation.

Caspases are best known for their role in apoptosis. More recently, they have gained prominence as critical mediators of innate immune responses. The so-called 'inflammatory caspases' include human caspase-1, -4, -5 and -12 and murine caspase-1, -11 and -12. Of these, caspase-1 is best characterized and serves as the prototype for our understanding of the processing, activation and function of ...

Mitochondria and antiviral innate immunity.

Mitochondria, dynamic organelles that undergo continuous cycles of fusion and fission, are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells. Recent research indicates that mitochondria also act as platforms for antiviral immunity in vertebrates. Mitochondrial-mediated antiviral immunity depends on activation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors signal transduction pathway and the par...

Sensing and Signaling in Antiviral Innate Immunity

Viruses are detected by the innate immune system, leading to the initiation of the anti-viral immune response via the production of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1. Remarkable progress has been made over the past few years towards understanding the contribution of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I like receptors, NOD-like receptors and HIN-200 family members to vira...

SnapShot: Pathways of Antiviral Innate Immunity

MAVS Coordination of Antiviral Innate Immunity.

RNA virus infection is sensed in the cytoplasm by the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors. These proteins signal through the host adaptor protein MAVS to trigger the antiviral innate immune response. Here, we describe how MAVS subcellular localization impacts its function and the regulation underlying MAVS signaling. We propose a model to describe how the coordination of MAVS ...